Forex is short for foreign exchange. The foreign exchange market is probably one of the most dynamic markets you can trade in. This is where currencies are actively bought and sold. Thanks to liquid markets and even 24 hour available trading, the bid/offer spreads are quite tight. This means your foreign exchange transactions are quickly filled at the market price.
Fundamental analysis is about the studying of elements that affect the state of the economy of that particular country in order to predict the future value of their currency.
Usually favored by Forex traders, technical analysis is a way of predicting future market trends and price movements by studying charts of past market action.